本記事では、アイデア=大項目の1~10までの「トピックの見取り図」(Outline of Topics)の和訳を載せている。
詳しい説明はこちら。
—目次—
1天使
1多神教における劣った神や半神
2純粋な知性、霊的な物質、超人の哲学的考察
2a天体を動かすもの、または二次的な第一動者:天体と結びついた知性
2b非物質的な存在に関する知識
3ユダヤ-キリスト教の教義における天使の概念
3a神の創った最初の被造物:創造の順序における天使の位置
3b天使の性質
3c天使の半永久性と不朽性
3d天使の知性と知識
3e天使の意志と愛
3f天使の行動:その一般的な特徴
3g天使のヒエラルキー:天使の不平等、序列、数、またそれらの相互関係
4天使と人間、肉体のない魂との比較:天の聖歌隊の祝福との関係
5良い天使と悪い天使の区別と比較
5a天使と悪魔の間の違いの由来:ルシファーやサタンの罪
5b悪魔の社会:サタンによる闇の力の支配
6宇宙の統治における天使の役割
6a人間世界における良い天使の働き:守護者
6b人間世界における悪い天使の干渉:誘惑や憑依
7神と悪魔
7a光の力と闇の力の戦争:人間支配における闘争
7b神に仕えるルシファー
8天使と悪魔への信仰に関する批判と風刺
1 Angel
「Great Books 1」p10
1 Inferior deities or demigods in polytheistic religion
2 The philosophical consideration of pure intelligences, spiritual substances, suprahuman persons
2a The Celestial motors or secondary prime movers: the intelligences attached to the celestial bodies
2b Our knowledge of immaterial beings
3 The conception of angels in Judeo-Christian doctrine
3a The first creature of God: their place in the order of creation
3b The angelic nature
3c The aeviternity and incorruptibility of angels
3d The angelic intellect and angelic knowledge
3e The angelic will and angelic love
3f Angelic action: its characteristics in general
3g The angelic hierarchy: the inequality, order, and number of the angels and their relation to one another
4 Comparison of angels with men and with disembodied souls: their relation to the blessed in the heavenly choir
5 The distinction and comparison of the good and the bad angels
5a The origin of the division between angels and demons: the sin of Lucifer or Satan
5b The society of the demons: the rule of Satan over the powers of darkness
6 The role of the angels in the government of the universe
6a The ministry of the good angels in the affairs of men: guardianship
6b The intervention of the demons in the affairs of men: temptation, possession
7 God and Satan
7a Warfare between the powers of light and darkness: their struggle for dominion over man
7b Lucifer in the service of God
8 Criticism and satire with respect to the belief in angels and demons
2動物
1動物の性質に関する一般理論
1a動物の特徴:動物の魂
(1)動物の感覚:その程度と区別
(2)動物の記憶力、想像力、知性
(3)動物の欲求:動物の欲求と感情
(4)運動:動物の運動性の程度
(5)動物の睡眠と覚醒
1b能力および機能における植物と動物の区別:分類が困難な場合
1c動物と人間の性質の違い
(1)動物と人間の性質の比較
(2)動物と人間の知性の比較
1d動物の習慣や本能:具体的な動物の行動
1e機械または自動制御としての動物という概念
2動物の分類
2a分類の一般的な枠組み:その原理と主要な区分
2b異なる分類の動物間の構造と機能の類似性
2c動物の程度の連続性と不連続性;低次の形態から高次の形態へのグラデーション
3動物の構造
3a動物の身体の物理的要素;細胞構造と組織構造
3b骨格構造
3c内臓
3d身体構造の有用性や適応性
4動物の動き
4a動物の動きと他の種類の局所的な動きとの比較
4b動物の動きの原因:随意または不随意の動き
4c運動の器官、仕組み、特徴
5動物の体内の局所的な動き
5a体内の動きに関与する管
5b循環器系:心臓、血液、リンパの動き
5c腺系:内分泌と外分泌腺
5d呼吸器系:呼吸、肺、えら
5e消化器系:栄養過程における消化器官の動き
5f排出系:排泄の動き
5g脳と神経系:神経インパルスの興奮と伝導
6動物の栄養
6a栄養素の性質
6b栄養のプロセス:摂取、消化、吸収
7動物の成長や増大:その性質、原因、限界
8動物の発生
8a動物の起源:創造あるいは進化
8b動物の発生についての多様な理論:生殖と自然発生
8c動物の生殖の形態:有性生殖と無性生殖
(1)性分化:その由来と決定;一次的、および二次的な特徴
(2)生殖器官:異なる分類の動物の違い
(3)生殖細胞と生殖分泌物:精液と月経、精子と卵子
(4)動物の交配:番いと交尾;新種の育種
(5)生殖能力と不妊に影響する要因
8d人間と動物の生殖の比較
9胚の発達:出生と乳児
9a卵生および胎生の発達
9b胚または胎児の育成
9c胚発生のプロセス:減数分裂、受精、有糸分裂;胎児の成長の段階
9d多胎妊娠:過受胎
9e妊娠期間:出産
9f乳児の保育と栄養供給:授乳
9g出生時の乳児の特徴
10遺伝と環境:個人間の差異と類似性の遺伝による決定; RNA、DNA、遺伝子、染色体、シストロン
11動物の生息環境
11a動物の地理的分布:動物の生息する自然環境
11b動物とそれを取り巻く環境との関係
12人間による動物の扱い
12a動物の飼いならし:家畜品種
12b動物の利用と虐待
12c動物と人間との友情や愛
13人間の資質や美徳を動物に帰すること:寓話や風刺における擬人化;人間の動物への変容
2 Animal
「Great Books 1」p25-26
1 General theories about the animal nature
1a Characteristics of animal life: the animal soul
(1) Animal sensitivity: its degrees and differentiations
(2) Animal memory, imagination, and intelligence
(3) Animal appetite: desire and emotion in animals
(4) Locomotion: degrees of animal motility
(5) Sleeping and waking in animals
1b The distinction between plants and animals in faculty and function: cases difficult to classify
1c The distinction between animal and human nature
(1) Comparison between animal and human nature
(2) Comparison of the animal with human intelligence
1d The habits or instincts of animals: specifically animal behavior
1e The conception of the animals as a machine or automation
2 the classification of animals
2a General schemes of classification: their principles and major divisions
2b Analogies of structure and function among different classes of animals
2c Continuity and discontinuity in the scale of animal life; gradation from lower to higher forms
3 The anatomy of animals
3a Physical elements of the animal body; cellular structure and the formation of tissue
3b The skeletal structure
3c The visceral organs
3d The utility or adaptation of bodily structures
4 Animal movement
4a Comparison of animal movement with other kinds of local motion
4b The cause of animal movement: voluntary and involuntary movements
4c The organs, mechanisms, and characteristics of locomotion
5 Local motion within the animal body
5a The duct, channels, and conduits involved in interior bodily motions
5b The circulatory system: the motions of the heart, blood, and lymph
5c The glandular system: the glands of internal and external secretion
5d The respiratory system: breathing, lungs, gills
5e the alimentary system: the motions of the digestive organs in the nutritive process
5f The excretory system: the motions of elimination
5g The brain and nervous system: the excitation and conduction of nervous impulses
6 Animal nutrition
6a The nature of the nutriment
6b The process of nutrition: ingestion, digestion, assimilation
7 Animal growth or augmentation: its nature, causes, and limits
8 The generation of animals
8a The origin of animals: creation or evolution
8b Diverse theories of animal generation: procreation and spontaneous generation
8c Modes of animal reproduction: sexual and asexual
(1) Sexual differentiation: its origins and determinations; primary and secondary characteristics
(2) The reproductive organs: their differences in different classes of animals
(3) The reproductive cells and secretions: semen and catamenia, sperm and egg
(4) The mating of animals: pairing and copulation; the breeding of new varieties
(5) Factors affecting fertility and sterility
8d Comparison of human with animal reproduction
9 The development of the embryo: birth and infancy
9a Oviparous and viviparous development
9b The nourishment of the embryo or foetus
9c The process of embryogeny: meiosis, fertilization, and mitosis; the stages of foetal growth
9d Multiple pregnancy: superfoetation
9e The period of gestation: parturition, delivery, birth
9f The care and feeding of infant offspring: lactation
9g Characteristics of the offspring at birth
10 Heredity and environment: the genetic determination of individual differences and similarities; RNA, DNA, genes, chromosomes, cistrons
11 The habitat of animals
11a The geographical distribution of animals: their natural habitats
11b The relation between animals and their environments
12 The treatment of animals by men
12a The taming of animals: domestic breeds
12b The use and abuse of animals
12c Friendship or love between animals and men
13 The attribution of human qualities or virtues to animals: personification in allegory and satire; the transformation of humans into animals
3貴族制
1貴族制の一般理論と評価
1a良い政体としての貴族制
1b実現不可なもの、不正なものとしての貴族制への批判
2貴族制と他の政体との関係
2a貴族制と君主制
2b貴族制と立憲制:政体または混合政体
2c貴族と民主主義
2d貴族と寡頭制
2e貴族と暴政
3貴族制の堕落や不安定化の原因:貴族制と革命
4貴族制と人の支配(法の支配の対極としての)の問題
5支配に適した人々の規律:貴族制の教育論
6公職に適した人材の選択:現代の立憲制における、貴族制的な代表の理論
7貴族制の歴史的、詩的な例
3 Aristocracy
「Great Books 1」p45
1 The general theory and evaluation of aristocracy
1a Aristocracy as a good form of government
1b Criticisms of aristocracy as unrealizable or unjust
2 The relation of aristocracy to other forms of government
2a Aristocracy and monarchy
2b Aristocracy and constitutional government: the polity or mixed constitution
2c Aristocracy and democracy
2d Aristocracy and oligarchy
2e Aristocracy and tyranny
3 The causes of degeneration or instability in aristocracies: aristocracy and revolution
4 Aristocracy and the issue of rule by men as opposed to rule by law
5 The training of those fitted for rule: aristocratic theories of education
6 The selection of the best men for public office: the aristocratic theory of representation in modern constitutional government
7 Historic and poetic exemplifications of aristocracy
4芸術
1芸術の一般的な概念:作成における心のスキル
2芸術と自然
2a芸術と自然の因果関係:自然な生成と比較したときの芸術的生産
2b自然な生成と芸術的生産における物質と形態の役割:美vs実用性
2c神あるいは人の働きとしての、自然な生成、または芸術的生産
3模倣としての芸術
4芸術の多様な分類:実用性と洗練性、自由さと従順さ
5経験、想像力、インスピレーションにおける芸術の源泉
6芸術と科学
6a芸術と科学の比較と区別
6b科学の生産性としてのリベラルアーツ:知識を達獲得するための手段と方法
6c科学の応用としての芸術:知識の生産力
7美術の楽しさ
7a喜びや歓喜の源としての芸術
7b芸術における卓越性の判断
8芸術と感情:表現、浄化、昇華
9実用的な芸術
9a芸術による自然の利用:農業、医学、教育
9b富の生産:工芸
9c戦争芸術
9d政策芸術
10芸術の倫理的、政治的な重要性
10a芸術の人格と市民権に与える影響:若者の育成における芸術の役割
10b国家や宗教による芸術の規制:検閲の問題
11芸術の起源に関する神話と理論
12芸術の歴史:文明の発展度の尺度としての芸術の進歩
4 Art
「Great Books 1」p59
1 generic notion of art: skill of mind in making
2 Art and nature
2a Causation in art and nature: artistic production compared with natural generation
2b The role of matter and form in artistic and natural production: beauty versus utility
2c The natural and the artificial as respectively the work of God and man
3 Art as imitation
4 Diverse classifications of the arts: useful and fine, liberal and servile
5 The sources of art in experience, imagination, and inspiration
6 Art and science
6a The comparison and distinction of art and science
6b The liberal arts as productive of science: means and methods of achieving knowledge
6c Art as the application of science: the productive powers of Knowledge
7 The enjoyment of the fine arts
7a Art as a source of pleasure or delight
7b The judgement of excellence in art
8 Art and emotion: expression, purgation, sublimation
9 The useful arts
9a The use of nature by art: agriculture, medicine, teaching
9b The production of wealth: the industrial arts
9c The arts of war
9d The arts of government
10 The moral and political significance of the arts
10a The influence of the arts on character and citizenship: the role of the arts in the training of youth
10b The regulation of the arts by the state or by religion: the problem of censorship
11 Myths and theories concerning the origin of the arts
12 The history of the arts: progress in art as measuring stages of civilization
5天文学と宇宙論
1太陽系と天空の研究としての天文学:その威厳と有用性
2天文学の方法
2a観察と測定:機器と表
2b仮説の利用:地動説と天動説
2c天文学と数学の関係:天文学による数学の利用
3天文学における因果関係
3a慣習的、原型的な原因:天体の数と音楽
3b物理的に結果を引き起こす原因:重力と遠隔作用
4天文学、宇宙論と神学:神、創造、神の計画、倫理的序列についての見解に影響を与える天文学
5天文学、宇宙論と時間の測定
6太陽系と銀河
6a月上の天体における物質の特殊な性質
6b天体における魂と知性
6c天体の動き:周期性と歳差周期
(1)天体の運動の永遠性
(2)天体の運動の形態:円、エカント、楕円
(3)天体の運動の法則:天体力学
6d天の創造
7太陽系と銀河の個々の天体
7a太陽:その位置、距離、サイズ、および質量
7b月:その不規則性
7c惑星:その偏心性、逆行運動、観測点
7d地球:その起源、位置、形、運動
7e恒星:分点の歳差運動
7f彗星と流星
8天体が地球上の現象に与える影響
8a天体が生物に与える影響:生成と腐敗
8b潮汐に対する天体の影響
9恒星と惑星が人間の人格と行動に与える影響
10地球、太陽、月、星への崇拝
11宇宙全体の研究としての天文学:宇宙論
11a宇宙論の特別な方法
11b宇宙の起源と進化に関する宇宙論
11c宇宙の大きさ、広がり、膨張:後退する銀河;有限または無限としての宇宙
11d宇宙の主成分:銀河と星雲
12天文学とリベラルアーツ、科学との関係:教育カリキュラムにおける天文学の位置
13天文学の歴史
5 Astronomy and Cosmology
「Great Books 1」p79-80
1 Astronomy as the study of the solar system and the empyrean: its dignity and utility
2 The method of astronomy
2a Observation and measurement: instruments and tables
2b The use of hypotheses: the heliocentric and geocentric theories
2c The relation of astronomy to mathematics: the use of mathematics by astronomy
3 Causes in astronomy
3a Formal archetypal causes: the number and the music of spheres
3b Physical efficient causes: gravitation and action-at-a-distance
4 Astronomy, cosmology, and theology: astronomy as affecting views of God, creation, the divine plan, and the moral hierarchy
5 Astronomy, cosmology, and the measurement of time
6 The solar system and the Milky Way
6a The special character of matter in the supra-lunar spheres
6b Soul and intellect in the heavenly bodies
6c Celestial motion: periodicity and the great year
(1) The eternity of celestial motion
(2) The form of celestial motion: circles, the equant, ellipses
(3) The laws of celestial motion: celestial mechanics
6d The creation of the heavens
7 The particular heavenly bodies in the solar system and the Milky Way
7a The sun: its position, distance, size, and mass
7b The moon: its irregularities
7c The planets: their eccentricities, retrogradations, and stations
7d The earth: its origin, position, shape, and motions
7e The fixed stars: the precession of the equinoxes
7f The comets and meteors
8 The influence of the heavenly bodies upon terrestrial phenomena
8a The influence of the heavenly bodies on living matter: generation and corruption
8b The influence of the heavenly bodies on the tides
9 the influence of the stars and planets upon the character and actions of men
10 The worship of the earth, sun, moon, and stars
11 Astronomy as the study of the universe as a whole: cosmology
11a The special methods of cosmology
11b Cosmological theories concerning the origins and evolution of the universe
11c The size, extent, and expansion of the universe: the receding galaxies; the universe as finite or infinite
11d The principal components of the universe: galaxies and nebulas
12 The relation of astronomy to the other liberal arts and sciences: the place of astronomy in the educational curriculum
13 The history of astronomy
6美
1美の一般理論
1a美と善:ある種の適合性や秩序としての美
1b美と真:熟考や愛慕の対象としての美
1c美の要素:調和、比率、鮮明さ
1d美と崇高さの区別
2自然と芸術の美しさ
3対象あるいは原因としての、欲望や愛と美の関係
4快と苦、または善と悪と、美と醜との関係
5美の判断:主観的および客観的な美的判断または審美的(趣味的)判断;富や名誉に基づく様式や流儀の判断
6教育における美の役割
7知性的な美
7a神の美
7b宇宙の美
7cアイディアの道理における美
7d倫理的な道理における美
6 Beauty
「Great Books 1」p95
1 The general theory of the beautiful
1a The beautiful and the good: beauty as a kind of fitness or order
1b Beauty and truth: the beautiful as an object of contemplation or adoration
1c The elements of beauty: unity, proportion, clarity
1d The distinction between the beautiful and the sublime
2 Beauty in nature and in art
3 Beauty in relation to desire and love, as object or cause
4 Beauty and ugliness in relation to pleasure and pain or good and evil
5 Judgements of beauty; the objective and the subjective in aesthetic judgements or judgements of taste; judgements of style or fashion based on wealth or honor
6 The role of the beautiful in education
7 Intelligible beauty
7a The beauty of God
7b The beauty of the universe
7c Beauty in the order of ideas
7d Beauty in the moral order
7存在
1存在と非存在の多様な概念:用語または概念としての存在;ある(is)とない(not)の意味;無
2存在と、一と多
2a無限の存在と、有限の存在の複数性
2b存在の単一性
3存在と善
3a存在の序列:実在の程度、知性の程度
3b愛と欲望の対象としての存在
4存在と真
4a精神の遍在的対象、または第一哲学、形而上学、弁証法の正式な対象としての存在
4b心の判断における真実性の尺度としての存在:アイデアの実在性の基準としての明快さと明確さ
5存在と生成:変化の現実性;可変的な存在の性質
6存在の原因
7存在の区分と形態
7a本質と存在の区別:存在の作用としての実在
7b実体と、属性、非本質性、現れとの区別:独立した存在と従属した存在
(1)実体の概念
(2)物質的実体と精神的物質、単体と複合体:実体と、物質や形態との関係
(3)腐敗する物質と腐敗しない物質
(4)無限の実態の属性としての、または従属した実体としての拡張と思考
(5)変化する、あるいは異なった種類の変化をする対象としての実体:非本質性と現れの役割
(6)非本質性と現れの性質と種類
7c潜在性と現実性の区別:可能な存在と現実の存在
(1)潜在性と現実性の序列
(2)潜在性の種類と現実性の程度
(3)物質と形態に関係する潜在性と現実性
7d現実の存在と理想的な存在の区別、または自然的な存在と精神的な存在の区別
(1)可能性の存在
(2)アイデア、普遍性、権利の存在
(3)数学的対象の存在
(4)関係の存在
(5)フィクションと否定の存在
7e現れと現実性の区別、知覚できるものと知覚を超えたものの区別、現象的な秩序と実体的な秩序の区別
8存在と知識
8a感覚に関する、存在と生成:知覚と想像力
8b知性に関する、存在と生成:抽象化と直観
8c定義の対象としての本質や実体:現実的な本質と実体的な本質
8d論証における本質の役割:推論における本質、性質、偶然の利用
8e科学と定義に関する非本質性
8f存在の判断と論証:その根拠と妥当性
7 Being
「Great Books 1」p109-110
1 Diverse conceptions of being and nonbeing: being as a term or concept; the meanings of is and is not; nothingness
2 Being and the one and the many
2a Infinite being and the plurality of finite beings
2b The unity of a being
3 Being and good
3a The hierarchy of being: grades of reality, degrees of intelligibility
3b Being as the object of love and desire
4 Being and truth
4a Being as the pervasive object of mind, and the formal object of the first philosophy, metaphysics, or dialectic
4b Being as the measure of truth in judgements of the mind: clarity and distinctness as criteria of the reality of an idea
5 Being and becoming: the reality of change; the nature of mutable being
6 The cause of existence
7 The divisions or modes of being
7a The distinction between essence and existence: existence as the act of being
7b The distinction between substance and attribute, accident or modification: independent and dependent being
(1) The conceptions of substance
(2) Corporeal and spiritual substances, composite and simple substances: the kind of substance in relation to matter and form
(3) Corruptible and incorruptible substances
(4) Extension and thought as dependent substances or as attributes of infinite substance
(5) Substance as subject to change and to different kinds of change: the role of accidents or modifications
(6) The nature and kinds of accidents or modifications
7c The distinction between potentiality and actuality: possible and actual being
(1) The order of potentiality and actuality
(2) Types of potency and degree of actuality
(3) Potentiality and actuality in relation to matter and form
7d The distinction between real and ideal being, or between natural being and being in mind
(1) The being of the possible
(2) The being of ideas, universals, rights
(3) The being of mathematical objects
(4) The being of relations
(5) The being of fictions and negations
7e The distinctions between appearance and reality, between the sensible and supra-sensible, between the phenomenal and noumenal orders
8 Being and knowledge
8a Being and becoming in relation to sense: perception and imagination
8b Being and becoming in relation to intellect: abstraction and intuition
8c Essence or substance as the object of definition: real and nominal essences
8d The role of essence in demonstration: the use of essence, property, and accident in inference
8e The accidental in relation to science and definition
8f Judgement and demonstrations of existence: their sources and validity
8原因
1因果関係の一般理論
1a原因の種類:その区別と列挙
1b原因の順序:原因と結果の関係
2生物と非生物における原因の比較
3因果関係と自由
4実際的な順序における目的と手段の分析
5知識に関する原因
5a探求の対象しての原因
5b哲学的、科学的方法における原因:定義、論証、実験、仮説における原因の役割
5c原因に関する知識の源泉と性質
5d原因に関する知識の限界
6最終的な原因の存在と作用
7神または神々の因果関係
7a世界の起源と存在における神の因果関係:創造と維持
7b自然と変化の秩序における神の因果関係:他のすべてに関連する最初の原因
7c宇宙の統治における神の因果関係:神の摂理と自由意志
7d超自然的な秩序における神の因果関係:神の恵み、奇跡
8歴史の過程における原因の作用
8 cause
「Great Books 1」p129
1.The general theory of causation
1a. The kinds of causes: their distinction and enumeration
1b. The order of causes: the relation of cause and effect
2.Comparison of causes in animate and inanimate nature
3.Causality and freedom
4.The analysis of means and ends in the practical order
5.Cause in relation to knowledge
5a. Cause as the object of our inquiries
5b. Cause in philosophical and scientific method: the role of causes in definition, demonstration, experiment, hypothesis
5c. The nature and sources of our knowledge of causes
5d. The limits of our knowledge of causes
6.The existence and operation of final causes
7.The causality of God or the gods
7a. Divine causality in the origin and existence of the world: creation and conservation
7b. Divine causality in the order of nature or change: the first cause in relation to all other causes
7c. Divine causality in the government of the universe: providence and free will
7d. Divine causality in the supernatural order: grace, miracles
8.The operation of causes in the process of history
9運
1運の概念
1a原因の一致としての運
1b絶対的な幸運、自然発生的な、あるいは偶然なものとしての運
2運や幸運の存在に関する問題
2a運と因果の関係:哲学的または科学的決定論
2b運と運命、神の摂理、予定説の関係
3世界の起源と構造における運、必然性、目的:量子力学における確率関数
4知識と意見に関する因果と運:確率の理論
5技術による運や偶然性の制御
6人間世界における運と幸運:幸運の神話
6a個人の人生における運と幸運:ギャンブルや、運が左右するゲーム
6b政治と歴史における運と幸運
9 Chance
「Great Books 1」p145
1.The conception of chance
1a. Chance as the coincidence of causes
1b. Chance as the absolutely fortuitous, the spontaneous or uncaused
2.The issue concerning the existence of chance or fortune
2a. The relation of chance to causality: philosophical or scientific determinism
2b. The relation of chance to fate, providence, and predestination
3.Chance, necessity, and design or purpose in the origin and structure of the world: probability functions in quantum mechanics
4.Cause and chance in relation to knowledge and opinion: the theory of probability
5.The control of chance or contingency by art
6.Chance and fortune in human affairs: the mythology of Fortune
6a. Chance and fortune in the life of the individual: gambling and games of chance
6b. Chance and fortune in politics and history
10変化
1変化や運動の実在性と性質
2変化についての不変の原理
2a変化するものの構成要素
2b変化における対立する要素、相反する要素
3運動における原因と結果:動かすものと動かされるものの関係、または能動と受動
4運動と制止:正反対の運動
5運動の測定
5a運動の尺度としての時間や持続時間
5b運動の分割可能性と連続性
6変化の種類
6a変化の一種としての運動の、全ての形態の還元可能性
6b局所的な運動の卓越性
6c生物と非生物における変化の比較
6d物質の運動と、精神状態の変化との比較
7局所的な運動の分析
7a場所、空間、虚空
7b自然な、または激しい動き
7c局所的な運動の種類
(1)直線運動と回転運動、円運動
(2)規則的な運動、または不規則な運動
(3)絶対運動、または相対運動
(4)地球上の運動、または天体の運動
7d不規則な運動の性質:運動の法則
8規模の変化
8a無生物の増減
8b生物の成長
9質の変化
9a物理的、化学的な変化:化合物と混合物
9b生物学的な変化:生命に関する変化
10実質的な変化:生成と腐敗
10a身体の領域における実質的な変化:要素の変質
10b植物、動物、人間の生殖
10c原子、天体、精神的実体の腐敗性と不朽性
11変化の理解:感覚による理解、理性よる理解
12変化の感情的な側面
12a快と苦に関する運動と静止
12b変化と不変への愛と憎しみ
13運動や変化の永遠性の問題
14第一動者の理論:動かすものと動かされるものの序列と階層
15不変なもの
15a思考の対象の不変性:真実の領域
15b運命の決定の不変性
15c神の不変性
10 Change
「Great Books 1」p158-159
1.The nature and reality of change or motion
2.The unchanging principles of change
2a. The constituents of the changing thing
2b. The factor of opposites or contraries in change
3.Cause and effect in motion: the relation of mover and moved, or action and passion
4.Motion and rest: contrary motions
5.The measure of motion
5a. Time or duration as the measure of motion
5b. The divisibility and continuity of motion
6.The kinds of change
6a. The reducibility of all modes of motion to one kind of change
6b. The primacy of local motion
6c. Comparison of change in living and nonliving things
6d. Comparison of the motions of matter with changes in the order of mind
7.The analysis of local motion
7a. Space, place, and void
7b. Natural and violent motion
7c. Kinds of local motion
(1) Rectilinear and rotary or circular motion
(2) Uniform or variable motion
(3) Absolute or relative motion
(4) Terrestrial and celestial motion
7d. The properties of variable motion: the laws of motion
8.Change of size
8a. The increase and decrease of inanimate bodies
8b. Growth in living organisms
9.Change of quality
9a. Physical and chemical change: compounds and mixtures
9b. Biological change: vital alterations
10.Substantial change: generation and corruption
10a. Substantial change in the realm of bodies: the transmutation of the elements
10b. Plant, animal, and human reproduction
10c. The corruptibility or incorruptibility of atoms, the heavenly bodies, and spiritual substances
11.The apprehension of change: by sense, by reason
12.Emotional aspect of change
12a. Rest and motion in relation to pleasure and pain
12b. The love and hatred of change and the unchanging
13.The problem of the eternity of motion or change
14.The theory of the prime mover: the order and hierarchy of movers and moved
15.The immutable
15a. The immutability of the objects of thought: the realm of truth
15b. The unalterability of the decrees of fate
15c. The immutability of God